Effects of electric-pump ownership on cropping patterns, Table 4. Suitable Ideal For handling Clear Water Transfer In Long Lasting Projects. Contrary to a lot of the reviews, I found this to be a very high quality unit and extremely sturdy. Please try again. 3099067 This High Quality Water Pump Provides Constant Power With It's Long Running Motor. Cookies: Our website uses cookies for analytics and to enable dynamic content. Their study found positive impacts on agricultural output and shifts in the composition of crops towards more water-intensive ones that increased farmers incomes. The classical method developed by Bonferroni (1935) adjusts the p-values for the number of outcomes considered; Holm (1979) orders the tests based on the p-value; and List, Shaikh, and Xu (2019) incorporate information about the joint dependence structure for a more restrictive test.
While access to electric pumps for irrigation did not significantly affects rice yields and value-added in the winter season, electric-pump owners had higher rice yields and values added than diesel-pump owners in the monsoon season. Irrigation with electric pumps is cheaper than with diesel pumps in West Bengal where electricity and diesel are unsubsidised, and where pump owners typically irrigate their winter rice crop and often sell water to farmers who do not own pumps. The results show that electric-pump owners cultivated larger areas of monsoon and winter rice, and irrigated plots a greater number of times and for longer durations than diesel pump owners and water buyers in 2013. 
Enhancements you chose aren't available for this seller. Franklin's agriculture pumping system provide stability to increase output, better predict crop yields and keep your animals strong and hydrated. The wealth assets in this index include beds, chairs, tables, sofas, cupboards, wooden or steel boxes, radios, televisions, sewing machines, stoves, mobile phones, bicycles, motorcycles, solar panels, batteries, and water storage tanks.
However, its perfect if you need a small pantry. It's been just the right size since it's a relatively small bathroom but can still hold quite a bit. Prior to 2011, a high flat tariff was levied (Meenakshi, Banerhi, Mukherji, & Gupta, 2013). I really wish this would have worked for my intended purpose because these are really nice.
Does matching overcome LaLondes critique of non-experimental estimators? The evidence indicates that in an environment where inadequate irrigation has been one of the factors constraining agriculture, electric pumps have the potential to support agricultural growth and generate pro-poor side effects.
Electric-pump owners sold water to more buyers than diesel-pump owners did, but the difference in the size of the land area served by their irrigation services was small both in the winter and in the monsoon season. For each season, respondents were asked how they used their pumps (frequency and duration). Tetra Pond Pond Tubing 1 Inch Diameter, 20 Feet Long, Connects Pond Components, Black (19736), Danner 12320 24-Inch by 26-Inch Large Mesh Pump Bag.
Results of the logit prediction models and tests of conditional independence, common support, and balancing for these sub-samples are similar to those for the pooled sample and are available from the authors upon request. In some cases, we will replace or repair it. Area and production of winter rice produced in West Bengal, Figure 2. Case of deteriorating groundwater irrigation in Tamil Nadu, Can analytic narrative inform policy change? Reviewed in the United States on December 4, 2018. Hydraflo Hydraulically-Driven Submersible Pump, Lineshaft Axial & Mixed-Flow Propeller Pump, Solarpedalflo Non-Electrical Potable Pump, Duraflo Submersible Hydraulic Trash Pump, Primerite Automatic Dry Self-Priming Trash Pump, Silent Partner Sound Attenuation, Quiet Pack Enclosure, Double Diaphragm Wellpoint & Dewatering Trash Pump, Hydraflo HNC High-Head Hydraulic Non-Clog Pump, Industrial Water Pump Accessories & Replacement Parts, Hurricane Preparation & Emergency Response, Custom designed, rugged large-volume water pumps built for your needs, Drive options for axial and mixed flow propeller pumps (diesel, electric, hydraulic, direct drive, right angle gear drive, belt and pulley), Proven time and cost-effective designs and implementation, Emergency maintenance, repair and rehabilitation, Weld together one-piece construction, jointed, cast, or other style and material of construction available. Since multiple outcomes are tested (the probability of committing a Type I error falsely rejecting the null hypothesis increases with the number of outcomes being tested), the family-wise error rate (FEW; that is the probability of one or more false rejections) is used to adjust the p-values. Only downside was after both (i purchased 2) were put together and stacked it was kind of slanted and didnt sit against the wall properly. This was the case for the winter season, and more so for the monsoon season. Our results suggest that relaxing the permit-requirement and providing a one-time fixed-cost subsidy in West Bengal were justified on a welfare basis. Good quality for the price.
It takes 10 minutes to unload the box and then sort the items and compare the hardware you received to the parts list in the instructions. Electric Pumps, Groundwater, Agriculture . https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2021.1906862, https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/7238, https://www.3ieimpact.org/evidence-hub/publications/impact-evaluations/does-marginal-cost-pricing-electricity-affect, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3692-2_4, Medicine, Dentistry, Nursing & Allied Health, Primary level of education (=1, 0 otherwise), Sources of income apart from agriculture (=1, 0 otherwise), Domestic electric connection (=1, 0 otherwise), Distance from 20 cm GW depth threshold (pre-monsoon), Distance from 20 cm GW depth threshold (post-monsoon), Distance to 20 cm decline in GW depth in pre-monsoon, Distance to 20 cm decline in GW depth in post-monsoon. Number of tubewells permanently electrified and yield of winter rice in West Bengal.
Electric pumps, on the other hand, are in fixed locations and can only irrigate plots in their vicinities. Average land and plot characteristics.
As a senior woman, I found it was incredibly easy to put together, with clear directions. During the winter season, electric-pump owners conducted 7.7 more irrigations on their rice plots and irrigated for 46 more hours per acre compared to the pooled group of diesel-pump owners and water buyers (Table 5). We bring a vast knowledge of efficient pumping, drainage and irrigation solutions help you explore what options may be the most cost-effective design, by comparing different types of pump station options. Please try again.
In addition, beyond lower fuel costs, electric pumps have lower maintenance costs and are more efficient. Did you know that with a free Taylor & Francis Online account you can gain access to the following benefits? It probably wouldn't have mattered, but I am a perfectionist and carefully undid it to make it just right.).
Relying on Mother Nature to irrigate crops, irrigate pastures or provide drinking water for animals is risky, especially when unpredictable drought periods hit the hardest. I really dont think I could have done any better for the price. Table 2. Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. Reviewed in the United States on January 19, 2020. It could have been from the floor being a little lopsided but it definitely had a weird twist after ot was put together. This procedure resulted in a sample of households in which 26.5 per cent are electric-pump owners, 28.5 per cent are diesel-pump owners, and 45.0 per cent are water buyers. Access to cheaper energy is likely to directly affect pump-owning farmers and their agricultural outcomes, but it may also benefit non-pump-owning farmers, who often purchase water from pump owners (Mukherji, 2007). The explanation of this finding may lay with the pumps technical characteristics and the tariff structure. Figure 3. An error occurred when processing your request. Rather, we indirectly examine the effects of the policy changes by studying the effects of electric pumps on agricultural outcomes, irrigation practices, and water sales. Unpublished work conducted subsequently by the authors demonstrates that the majority of farmers who acquired electric pumps after the policy change were previously water buyers, suggesting that the early pro-poor side effect may have become a direct pro-poor effect over time. You may receive a partial or no refund on used, damaged or materially different returns. Look, this is not something a high end furniture store is going to sell. Throughout the world, managed usage of water and irrigation of agricultural farmland is essential to raising and harvesting productive crops. 1. As the average water buyer cultivated less area, owned fewer plots, and irrigated a smaller share of land compared to pump owners (Table 7), electric-pump owners sold water to more farmers with smaller holdings than diesel-pump owners did. Estimating the effect of electric pumps on irrigated agriculture is likely to be confounded by two factors. I included photos of how much I can store in it. While 2012 was a year with a moderate deficit in monsoon rainfalls compared to the 19711990 mean, 2013 was a normal year (Kothawale & Rajeevan, 2017). where Y, T and X are the outcome variable, the pump-ownership variable, and control variables, respectively, as defined above. The authors thank Partha Sarathi Banerjee and his team of enumerators for their data collection services; Aditi Mukherji, Malik Ravinder and Archisman Mitra for discussions on early versions of this article; and the two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. Using purposefully selected primary data, we examine whether electric-pump owners have greater water access and rice production during the monsoon and winter seasons compared to diesel-pump owners and water buyers. Supplementary Materials are available for this article which can be accessed via the online version of this journal available at https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2021.1906862.
Similarly, blocks with post-monsoon groundwater-decline lower than 20 cm per year and within 10 percentage points of the 90 per cent SOD threshold were selected (i.e. We will send you an Amazon e-gift card for the purchase price of your covered product. This work was supported by the Consortium of International Agricultural Research Centers through the International Water Management Institute and the CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems, and the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research. The number of clients served by electric-pump owners was greater than those served by diesel-pump owners, but there was only a small difference in total irrigated areas, suggesting that electric-pump owners sell water to farmers with smaller land holdings. Notes: Mean difference=Mean difference in outcome between the electric pump owners and the counterfactual group over the common support, weighted by the propensity score for each unit. Top subscription boxes right to your door, 1996-2022, Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates, Eligible for Return, Refund or Replacement within 30 days of receipt, Learn more how customers reviews work on Amazon. MWI engineers work with you to help build and customize the pumps to your individual agricultural needs. Groundwater irrigation, growth of agricultural production, and poverty in Bangladesh, Impact of irrigation on food security in Bangladesh for the past three decades, The effects of energy prices on agricultural groundwater extraction from the high plains aquifer, The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects, Constructing a control group using multivariate matched sampling methods that incorporate the propensity score, External validity in a stochastic world: Evidence from low-income countries, Groundwater irrigation and farm power policies in Punjab and West Bengal: Challenges and opportunities, Farm power policies and groundwater markets contrasting Gujarat with West Bengal (19902015). Using the average farm size in the sample of about 2 acres, additional value-added for electric-pump owners was INR 7,970 per year, which is roughly the magnitude of the one-time fixed cost subsidy provided by the government to reduce the connection costs. Acquiring an electric pump is also likely correlated with observable farmer characteristics (X) that are themselves correlated with the outcome variables (Y). Additionally, MWI can offer on-site maintenance, emergency repair, and rehabilitation services on our agricultural water pumps to keep you up and running quickly. This was usually the largest plot cultivated by the household, accounting for an average of 42.2 per cent of the total cultivated area. ${cardName} unavailable for quantities greater than ${maxQuantity}. In blocks where the SOD was less than 90 per cent, blocks within 5 cm of the 20 cm post-monsoon groundwater-decline threshold were sampled (i.e. At the block level, the relaxation of the permit system and the hydrological conditions are not random. I was want expecting anything spectacular for thirty bucks but this cabinet does exactly what I need it to do. Please make sure that you are posting in the form of a question. No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s). Moreover, electric pump owners provided irrigation water to a greater number of non-pump-owning farmers than diesel pump owners did, though there was little difference in the size of the total irrigated areas, suggesting that electric-pump owners sold water to farmers with smaller land holdings than diesel-pump owners did. In an environment where agricultural growth has slowed (section 2), and access to irrigation is a limiting factor, electric pumps improve access to irrigation water for their owners and for smaller farmers who buy water from them, indicating its potential for generating pro-poor side effects. It also analyzed reviews to verify trustworthiness. There are no subsidies for the purchase of pumps. It is common for farmers without pumps to purchase water from pump owners (Mukherji, 2004, reports that 48 per cent of pump owners sold water in 200304). West Bengal has three agricultural seasons (pre-monsoon, monsoon and winter), with the bulk of production taking place during the monsoon and winter seasons. You will need a hammer and a screwdriver. Electric-pump owners conducted 3.7 more irrigations on their monsoon rice plots than diesel-pump owners, and 4.6 more than water buyers (Table 5). As the number of electrified tubewells stagnated in the 2000s, so did these indicators (Figures 1 and 2). Using back-of-the-envelope calculations, electric-pump owners accrued an additional value-added of INR 1,273 per acre for monsoon rice, and INR 2,659 per acre for winter rice. I can see how this would easily be stacked, without fear. In West Bengal, however, diesel prices and electricity tariffs have never been subsidised (Mukherji, 2007). Alternate matching methods (first nearest neighbour, kernel matching, radius matching) with different calipers (from 0.01 to 0.2) yielded similar results and the sensitivity analysis is presented in Supplementary Appendix Figure A.1. We find that electric-pump owners cultivate greater areas of monsoon and winter rice, and irrigate plots a greater number of times and for longer durations than diesel pump owners and water buyers. Note: Figures in parentheses are standard deviation. Really easy to assemble. 1/2HP ELECTRIC WATER PUMP INDUSTRIAL POND POOL FARM NEW Pumps Plumbing Home Tool, , interest-free upon approval for the Amazon Rewards Visa Card, 1/2HP Clear Water PumpSpecification1/2 HP Clear Water Fluid PumpPerfect for water chemical or fluid transfer on the farm at home or for construction use. The estimated effects of electric-pump ownership on cropping patterns, rice yields, and value-added, irrigation for rice production, and water sales are presented in Tables 36, respectively. Your recently viewed items and featured recommendations, Select the department you want to search in. How does access to a less expensive energy technology for water lifting affect agricultural outcomes in West Bengal? Asurion will also email your plan confirmation with Terms & Conditions to the address associated with your Amazon account within 24 hours of purchase (if you do not see this email, please check your spam folder). Nights rates are much lower and are supposed to incentive farmers to irrigate during the nights to balance the power consumption. All in all I'm very happy with it, Reviewed in the United States on June 28, 2015. As bias due to unobservable characteristics can never be entirely ruled out with matching estimators (Abadie & Imbens, 2016; Duvendack & Palmer-Jones, 2012; Smith & Todd, 2005), results from propensity-score weighted OLS regressions are also presented as a check for the propensity-score matching (Lechner, 2008). I knew it would take time to assemble but it was worth it to me that I didn't have to pay as much for it. Electric-pump owners used their land more intensively than both diesel-pump owners and water buyers. COVERAGE: Plan starts on the date of purchase. Effects of electric-pump ownership on rice yields and value-added, Table 5. Fight Dirty with SPX Pressure Washer Accessories, Draining above ground pool with sump pump - transfer pump, Reviewed in the United States on March 14, 2019. State governments in the north, south and west of India have subsidised energy for agriculture (either diesel or electricity, or both; Badiani, Jessoe, & Plant, 2012), which have increased groundwater use (Badiani-Magnusson & Jessoe, 2018; Balali, Khalilian, Viaggi, Bartolini, & Ahmadian, 2011; Birner, Gupta, & Sharma, 2011; Briscoe & Malik, 2006; Janakarajan & Moench, 2006; Kimmich, 2016, Somanathan & Ravindranath, 2006)2; and consequently increased farm value-added (Bardhan, Mookherjee, & Kumar, 2012) and expanded cultivated area under water-intensive crops (Badiani-Magnusson & Jessoe, 2018). While groundwater use likely needs to increase in West Bengal, its abstraction needs to be rationalised in the western parts of India where groundwater levels are rapidly falling. vides constant delivery for hours of dependable service. High noon for microfinance impact evaluations: Re-investigating the evidence from Bangladesh, Can electricity pricing save Indias groundwater? vides constant delivery for hours of dependable service. With a less-expensive source of energy than diesel-pump owners, electric-pump owners can allocate more land to rice during the monsoon period in the presence of rainfall uncertainty. In administrative areas identified as semi-critical and critical, permits are still needed irrespective of the discharge of the tubewell or the size of the pump.1 Following these changes, the number of electrified tubewells increased by 68 per cent from 2011 to 2018, to 296,405 wells. In doing so, they also irrigated their rice plots for a total of 39 more hours per acre than diesel-pump owners, and 27 more hours per acre than water buyers during the monsoon season. Ships from and sold by Graystone Creations. Nonetheless, electricity is still less expensive than diesel in West Bengal the fuel cost of using a five-horsepower diesel pump was around INR 41/hour in 2013, while that of a similar powered electric pump was around INR 26/hour during the day and only INR 7/hour at night.3 In addition, electric pumps require less maintenance and are more efficient, and thus have lower overall energy costs. The results are replicated for three different samples. The productive assets in this index include ploughs, power tillers/tractors, spay machine, husking machine, treadle pump, manual pumps, bullocks, cows, calves, buffalos, goats, sheep, chickens, ducks, and geese. It also doesnt look cheap. I put it together in 30 minutes without issue and I am not handy! Farmers with better outcomes may be more likely to acquire electric pumps, biasing the observed relationship between electric-pump ownership and these outcomes. These differences are especially large; in the monsoon season, the average number of irrigations on rice plots is 8.7, and the average total duration is 57hours per acre (Table 1). The weighted OLS estimator was applied to the entire sample, not just to the sample with common support from the PSM.
I wasn't surprised by the size because I did this thing called reading the description and I own a tape measure. where groundwater has not been heavily developed and recharges significantly after the monsoons), whose tubewells discharge less than 30 m3/hour, and who intend to use small pumps (less than 5 HP) no longer need permits from the State Water Investigation Department (SWID) to apply to the West Bengal State Electricity Distribution Company (WBSEDCL) for electric connections (Mukherji, Shah, & Banerjee, 2012). This paper examines how access to electric pumps affects the short-run agricultural outcomes of owners, and of water buyers in West Bengal. In this article, we test two specific hypotheses: (a) whether electric pumps affect cropping patterns, yields, value added, and irrigation practices of pump owners, and (b) whether electric pumps benefit non-pump-owners through water sales. If I wanted to keep it for years I think it would hold up just fine - it doesnt rock back and forth or seem uneven, etc.
Note: Standard errors in parentheses. Only wish it had a magnet closure, but so far, it seems to stay closed all on its own.
That is impossible. Register a free Taylor & Francis Online account today to boost your research and gain these benefits: Electric Pumps, Groundwater, Agriculture and Water Buyers: Evidence from West Bengal, * International Water Management Institute-CGIAR, Pelawatte, Sri Lanka, ** Department of Economics, Lafayette College, Easton, PA, USA, On the failure of the bootstrap for matching estimators, Matching on the estimated propensity score, Evaluating the impact of Egyptian social fund for development programmes, Effects of irrigationinduced technological change in Bangladesh rice production, Development and the environment: The implications of agricultural electricity subsidies in India, Electricity prices, groundwater and agriculture: The environmental and agricultural impacts of electricity subsidies in India, Groundwater balance and conservation under different water pricing and agricultural policy scenarios: A case study of the Hamadan-Bahar plain, State-led or market-led green revolution? No matter if its for water irrigation, drainage, manure slurry, aquaculture or crop harvesting, MWI agriculture water pumps are built to handle demanding applications in the toughest conditions. Zone 1 in Figure 3). Also had to buy a seperate door magnet to keep it shut as there is nothing included to keep the doors from swinging open. Reviewed in the United States on October 7, 2020. We collected primary data through a survey of 1,396 farming households, where 370 households owned electric pumps, 398 owned just diesel pumps, and 628 bought their water. Comment on: Abou-Ali, H., El-Azony, H., El-Laithy, H., Haughton, J. and Khandker, S., 2010. The Government of India uses two criteria to categorise administrative blocks as safe, semi-critical, and critical in terms of groundwater: (a) the stage of groundwater development (SOD)4; and (b) long-term change in pre-monsoon and post-monsoon groundwater levels.5 At the time of the survey, the categorisation for West Bengal was based on data collected in 2009, before the policy change. A census of pump owners was conducted in each selected village to classify them as electric or diesel pump owners. Water sellers provided information on their services and on the contractual arrangements they made for each of the irrigated crops. In the 2000s, growth in the agricultural sector stagnated due to a slow-down in the growth of electric pump use (Mukherji et al., 2012).
Takes time to assemble, but worth the price! Different methods were used to calculate the adjusted p-values (Supplementary Appendix Table A.4). *** stands for 1 per cent of significance, ** for 5 per cent and * for 10 per cent. Table 3. Please try your search again later. Winter cultivation is possible only with groundwater irrigation, and monsoon cultivation is increasingly becoming dependent on supplemental irrigation due to south-west monsoon irregularities (Nandargi & Barman, 2018). Information was collected on the characteristics of the wells and pumps owned by the household as well as on the associated investment and operational costs. In the 1980s and 1990s, a steady increase in production, areas under cultivation, and yields of winter rice (Figure 1) coincided with an increase in the number of electrified tubewells (Figure 2). Kernel density estimates of the propensity scores for the electric-pump owners and counterfactual farmers confirm large overlapping support (Supplementary Appendix Figure A.2; Heckman et al., 1997). During the growing and harvest seasons, any downtime could lead to lower crop yield. Find answers in product info, Q&As, reviews. Easy assembly, but be sure your top & bottom are exactly correct for door installation! In villages where there were more than 15 electric- and diesel-pump-owning households in total, proportional numbers of these households were randomly selected. In West Bengal, the West Bengal State Electricity Department Corporation Limited (WBSED) applies three different tariffs over 24 hours for agricultural connections. To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy. By closing this message, you are consenting to our use of cookies. Farmers there pay the highest farm electricity tariff in India, which has tripled between 2009 and 2016 (Sarkar, 2020; Shah & Chowdhury, 2017). We, therefore, do not expect our results to be driven by mitigation strategies linked to major climatic shocks (Rosenzweig & Udry, 2020). This is a season where farmers in West Bengal allocate 73 per cent of their land to rice production (Table 1). The color is deep and dark and without any blemish. Enter the model, or item number below to search for a specific product. Wouldn't hesitate to recommend these to a friend. 11.
The only place it suggests using wood glue is if you will be stacking two units.
I probably spent around an hour or so putting it together. Non-price measures to encourage reductions in power and groundwater use, such as compensation to farmers for every unit of electricity they save from an entitlement are being experimented with in Gujarat (Fishman, Lall, Modi, & Parekh, 2016). The effect of electric pump ownership on on-farm outcomes is likely to be confounded by two factors: (1) permits were relaxed in safe blocks, where agricultural outcomes and hydrological conditions could historically be different from those in semi-critical blocks, and (2) farmers who have better outcomes are also more likely to have electric pumps. This is consistent with increasing need for supplemental irrigation at the end of the monsoon-season due to the vagaries of the monsoon. Policies such as those pursued by the West Bengal government thus also have pro-poor side effects11 which are important for reviving the agricultural sector in the short term. As such, we are cautious about interpreting the PSM results as causal. We dont share your credit card details with third-party sellers, and we dont sell your information to others. 
Make sure to read the instructions thoroughly because I messed up at one point (when putting the back on, I put it facing the wrong way. Weights of 1 for electric pump owners and P(T =1 | X)/(1 P(T =1 | X)) for the control observations are used (Chen, Mu, & Ravallion, 2009; Hirano, Imbens, & Ridder, 2003). Logit model of electric-pump ownership. Internet Minimum Advertised Price (iMAP) Policy, Trminos, Condiciones y Garanta Estndar, Homeowners Find a Water Well Professional, Discover our portfolio of pumping systems, Learn more and find locations in your region, 5-9" STS Series Submersible Turbine Pumps, 5-42" FVT Series Vertical Lineshaft Turbine, 8-30" FAF Series Axial Flow Vertical Turbine, 8-30" FMF Series Mixed Flow Vertical Turbine, FE Connect for SubDrive & SubMonitor Connect. 
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electric water pump for farming
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