vmware sap logical RTO and RPO are your objectives But as with all DR strategies, backups (like the Aurora DB cluster snapshot in Figure 6) are also necessary. AWS CloudFormation can additionally detect drift in stacks you have In my first blog post of this series, I introduced you to four strategies for disaster recovery (DR). Choose Both Availability and Disaster Recovery rely on the same best practices such as Figure 2. We use the following objectives: Figure 1. Workload key performance indicators (KPIs) are among the best metrics you can use to understand workload health. Like a pilot light in a furnace that cannot heat your house until triggered, a pilot light strategy cannot process requests until it is triggered to deploy the remaining infrastructure. Both include an environment in your DR Region with copies of your less): Back up your data and applications using point-in-time backups into the DR Region. Such events include natural disasters like earthquakes or floods, technical failures such as power or network loss, and human actions such as inadvertent or unauthorized modifications. just discussed, you should fail over to the standby regularly, With multi-site active/active, two or more Regions are actively accepting requests. The warm standby strategy deploys a functional stack, but at reduced capacity. But, you can also use these for Multi-AZ strategies or hybrid (on-premises workload/cloud recovery) strategies. When Amazon Redshift relocates a cluster to a new AZ, the new cluster has the same endpoint as the original cluster. However Figures 2 and 3 show how to implement the pilot light and warm standby strategies, respectively. Note: Amazon Redshift may also relocate clusters in non-AZ failure situations, such as when issues in the current AZ prevent optimal cluster operation or to improve service availability. Deploying your data nodes into three AZs with Amazon OpenSearch Service (formerly Amazon Elasticsearch Service) can improve the availability of your domain and increase your workloads tolerance for AZ failures. The more scaled-up the Warm Standby is, the lower RTO and control plane Thanks for letting us know we're doing a good job! The distinction is that Pilot Light cannot process requests Here too you can use endpoint health checks for automatic routing, or set the percent traffic to each endpoint using traffic dials. Server liveness metrics (such as a ping) are by themselves insufficient to inform your DR decision. You can also configure a cross-Region snapshot copy, which automatically copies your automated and manual snapshots to another Region. Using [], The Availability and Beyond whitepaper discusses the concept of static stability for improving resilience. The strategy outlined in this blog post addresses how to integrate AWS managed services into a single-Region DR strategy. Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) handles failovers automatically so you can resume database operations as quickly as possible. This includes support infrastructure such as Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC) with subnets and routing configured, Elastic Load Balancing, and Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling groups. These strategies enable you to prepare for and recover from a disaster. The difference between Pilot Light and Warm Standby can sometimes be difficult If This AMI creates Amazon EC2 instances with exactly the operating system and packages we need. If the primary node fails, it will promote the read replica with the least replication lag to primary. your data from one region to another and provision a copy of your core workload If a disaster event occurs and the active Region cannot support workload operation, then the passive site becomes the recovery site (recovery Region). Each DR strategy will be detailed in future blog posts; the following sections summarize each strategy. In Part 1, well build [], This 3-part blog series discusses disaster recovery (DR) strategies that you can implement to ensure your data is safe and that your workload stays available during a disaster. This provides business assurance against events of sufficient scope that can impact multiple data centers across separate and distinct locations. Figure 8. For Region failover, in addition to data recovery from backup, you must also be able to restore your infrastructure in the recovery Region. To turn on these instances, we use an Amazon Machine Image (AMI) that was previously built and copied to all Regions. Fully automating the failover steps is still a good practice. multiple AWS Regions. This blog shows you how AWS managed services automatically fails over between AZs without interruption when experiencing a localized disaster, and how backups to a separate Region ensure data protection. This example architecture refers to an application that processes payment transactions that has been modernized with AMS. Cluster relocation enables Amazon Redshift to move a cluster to another AZ with no loss of data or changes to your applications. A pilot light in a home furnace does not provide heat to the home. Javascript is disabled or is unavailable in your browser. still need to regularly execute that failure in production to This determines what is considered an acceptable loss of data between the last recovery point and the interruption of service. Resources required to support data replication and backup such as Based on configured health checks, AWS services, such as Elastic Load Balancing and AWS Auto Scaling, can Figure 1. Data consistency models will vary when choosing in-Region vs. multi-Region. However, the extent of workload infrastructure readiness differs between the two strategies, as detailed in the next section. Previously he was Principal Engineer for Amazon Fresh and International Technologies. In Part I, well discuss the single AWS Region/multi-Availability Zone (AZ) DR strategy. In this post, youll learn how to reduce dependencies [], Data is at the center of stateful applications. If you've got a moment, please tell us how we can make the documentation better. Infrastructure as Code such as AWS CloudFormation or AWS Cloud Development Kit (AWS CDK) enables you to deploy consistent infrastructure across Regions. Before failover, the infrastructure must scale up to meet production needs.

Multi-region (multi-site) active-active (RPO near zero, Use services like Amazon Route53 or AWS Global Accelerator to route your user traffic to where In this post, youll learn how to implement an active/active strategy to run your workload and serve requests in two [], In this blog post, you will learn about two more active/passive strategies that enable your workload to recover from disaster events such as natural disasters, technical failures, or human actions. You can follow Seth on twitter @setheliot, or on LinkedIn at https://www.linkedin.com/in/setheliot/. This is to ensure high availability of the service and application. Seth joined Amazon in 2005 where soon after, he helped develop the technology that would become Prime Video. test them. An ElastiCache for Redis (cluster mode disabled) cluster with multiple nodes has three types of endpoints: the primary endpoint, the reader endpoint and the node endpoints. The following is an excerpt from a CloudFormation template. Fully automatic failover such as this should be used with caution. Figure 2 categorizes DR strategies as either active/passive or active/active. This determines what is considered an acceptable time window when service is unavailable. Because a disaster event can potentially take down your workload, your objective for DR should be bringing your workload back up or avoiding downtime altogether. This makes it easier to test warm standby because it requires no additional work for the passive endpoint to handle any synthetic test transactions before you send it. Implement a strategy to meet these objectives, considering locations and DR is a crucial part of your Business Continuity Plan. This will be explored further in a future blog post. Possible conflicts caused by writes to the same record in two different regional replicas workload is on premises). without additional action taken first, while Warm Standby can handle traffic (at protect you against some types of disaster, but it will not protect you against data

has shown that the only error recovery that works is the path you The primary difference between the two strategies is infrastructure deployment and readiness. Take automatic, incremental snapshots of your data periodically with Amazon Redshift and save them to Amazon S3. during testing or when Disaster Recovery failover is invoked. When the time comes for recovery, the system is scaled up quickly to handle the

This distribution helps prevent cluster downtime if an AZ experiences a service disruption. This blog post shows how to architect for disaster recovery (DR), which is the process of preparing for and recovering from a disaster.

This is because when human action type disasters occur, data can be deleted or corrupted, and replication will replicate the bad data. Then choose a routing policy that determines which endpoint receives traffic for that domain name. If you have a complex or critical recovery path, you In the next post, we will discuss a multi-Region warm standby strategy for the same application stack illustrated in this post. The difference between the two is infrastructure and the code that runs on it. This ensures that the cluster can always run your workload. control application recovery across multiple AWS Regions, Availability Zones, and on Backup and restore (RPO in hours, RTO in 24 hours or 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. Also, AWS CloudFormation is a powerful tool for making these updates. All rights reserved. reduced capacity levels) immediately. available through AWS Marketplace, enables organizations to set up an automated disaster recovery You can follow Seth on twitter @setheliot, or on LinkedIn at https://www.linkedin.com/in/setheliot/. These data resources are ready to serve requests. But for full control over when failover occurs, it should be manually initiated by human action using Amazon Route 53 Application Recovery Controller. When selecting your DR strategy, you must weigh the benefits of lower RTO (recovery time objective) and RPO (recovery point objective) vs the costs of implementing and operating a strategy. recovery. In the pilot light strategy, basic infrastructure elements are in place like Elastic Load Balancing and Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling in Figure 6. or region: Ensure that your infrastructure, data, and Dhruv Bakshi is a Cloud Infrastructure Architect at AWS and possesses a broad range of knowledge across the technology spectrum. From left to right, the graphic shows how DR strategies incur differing RTO and RPO. This is seen in Figure 7, with one Amazon EC2 instance deployed per tier. Firms designing for resilience on cloud often need to evaluate multiple factors before they can decide the most optimal architecture for their workloads. Resources used for the workload infrastructure are deployed in the recovery Region for both strategies. This prevents against human action or technical software type disasters. manage and coordinate failover using readiness check and routing control features. Then we explored the backup and restore strategy. You can do this manually or automate it via an, Use manual backups and copy API calls for. Using the AWS CLI or AWS SDK, you can script failover using the highly available API (available redundantly across five different Regions). AWS Systems Manager Automation to fix it and raise alarms. The following command will update the EC2 Auto Scaling group, which currently has no EC2 instances to add three (the value of Web1AutoScaleDesired) EC2 instances. is used for read-only queries. RTO potentially zero): Your workload is deployed to, and actively serving traffic from, This minimizes the disruption to your applications without administrative intervention. Here is how the managed services back up data to a secondary Region: Note: You can add a layer of protection to your backups through AWS Backup Vault Lock and S3 Object Lock. What does static stability mean with regard to a multi-Region disaster recovery (DR) plan? The parameter value can be set via the AWS Management Console as shown in Figure 4. discrete copies of the entire workload. All rights reserved.

For more details on AWS services you can use for active-active In this post, part 2 of 3, we continue to filter through AWS services to focus on data-centric services with native features to help get your data where it needs to be in support of a multi-Region [], Many AWS services have features to help you build and manage a multi-Region architecture, but identifying those capabilities across 200+ services can be overwhelming. If you are using Amazon Route 53 for DNS, you can set up both your primary Region and recovery Region endpoints under one domain name. However, lower RTO and RPO cost more in terms of spend on resources and operational complexity. This strategy requires you to synchronize data across Regions. Failover re-directs production traffic from the primary Region (where you have determined the workload can no longer run) to the recovery Region. configurations. Between these two strategies, you have a choice of optimizing for RTO or for cost. With Application Recovery Controller, you can create Route 53 health checks that do not actually check health, but instead act as on/off switches that you have full control over. For more than two options, the !FindInMap function would also be a good choice. Now lets learn about the pilot light and warm standby strategies. Recovery Time Objective (RTO) is defined by the organization.

reliance will be. Or to automate the process, you can use the AWS CLI to update the stack, and change the ActiveOrPassive value. As required for all active/passive strategies, both require a means to route traffic to the primary Region, and then fail over to the recovery Region when recovering from a disaster. Other elements such as application servers are 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. Such increases in RTO and RPO are fine, as long as business objectives can be met. distribute load to healthy Availability Zones while services, such as Amazon Route53 and AWS Global Accelerator, Multi-site active/active DR architecture. All rights reserved. My subsequent posts shared details on the backup and restore, pilot light, and warm standby active/passive strategies. must be avoided or handled. If you've got a moment, please tell us what we did right so we can do more of it. corruption or destruction unless your solution also includes options for point-in-time To use the Amazon Web Services Documentation, Javascript must be enabled. find that your assumptions about the capabilities of the secondary choose one of the following multi-region strategies.

Figure 4 shows an active/active strategy where two or more Regions are actively accepting requests and data is replicated between them. Backups are created in the same Region as their source and are also copied to another Region. In the example we Although there are ways to work around this, we are focusing on cluster relocation. Here it is set passive, and no EC2 instances will be deployed. In this 3-part blog series, we filter through those 200+ services and focus on those that have specific features to assist you in building multi-Region applications. This helps them prepare for disaster events, which is one of the biggest challenges they can face. production load. Well show you which AWS services it uses and how they work to maintain the single Region/multi-AZ strategy. Parts II and III of this series will show you how to implement this service in a multi-Region DR deployment. Your applications can reconnect to the endpoint and continue operations without modifications or loss of data. In the cloud, you can easily create or delete resources. primary region assets. Recovery Point Objective Amazon ElastiCache continually monitors the state of the primary node. Recovery objectives: RTO and RPO. Then it requires you to scale out this existing deployment, which gives it a lower RTO time than pilot light. Note: For more information on multi-AZ configurations, please refer to the AZ disruptions table. can use the Availability Zones within that region as discrete locations instead of AWS He draws on 10 years of experience in multiple engineering roles across the consumer side of Amazon.com, where as Principal Solutions Architect he worked hands-on with engineers to optimize how they use AWS for the services that power Amazon.com. In this blog post, you will learn about two more active/passive strategies that enable your workload to recover from disaster events such as natural disasters, technical failures, or human actions. When a disaster occurs, successful recovery depends on detection of the disaster event, restoration of the workload in the recovery Region, and failover to send traffic to the recovery Region. Standby. and data loss: The workload has a recovery time Figure 2 shows the four strategies for DR that are highlighted in the DR whitepaper. You can precisely control when snapshots are taken and can create a snapshot schedule and attach it to one or more clusters. To select the best strategy, you must analyze benefits and risks with the business owner of a workload, as informed by engineering/IT. Pilot Light will require you to turn on servers, premises. Therefore, you must choose RTO and RPO objectives that provide appropriate value for your workload. In Figure 6, Amazon Aurora global database replicates data to a local read-only cluster in the recovery Region. In addition to distributing shards by AZ, Amazon OpenSearch Service distributes them by node. As lead solutions architect for the AWS Well-Architected Reliability pillar, I help customers build resilient workloads on AWS. Architecting workloads to achieve your resiliency targets can be a balancing act. scaled-down but fully functional version of your workload always running in the DR Region. As always for DR, data is also backed up in case it needs to be restored to fix accidental deletion or corruption. strategy to AWS. In a previous blog post, I showed how quick detection is essential for low RTO, and I shared a serverless architecture to achieve this. CloudEndure also supports cross-Region / cross-AZ disaster recovery in If such a disaster results in deleted or corrupted data, it then requires use of point-in-time recovery from backup to a last known good state. 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. Thanks for letting us know this page needs work. This strategy replicates workloads across multiple AZs and continuously backs up your data to another Region with point-in-time recovery, so your application is safe even if all AZs within your source Region fail.

Backups are necessary to enable you to get back to the last known good state. The left AWS Region is the primary Region that is active, and the right Region is the recovery Region that is passive before failover. However, you can use AWS resources like Amazon EventBridge to build serverless automation, which will reduce RTO by improving detection and recovery. Service validation tests provide metrics on the function and correctness of your API operations. As Principal Reliability Solutions Architect with AWS Well-Architected, Seth helps guide AWS customers in how they architect and build resilient, scalable systems in the cloud. loaded with application code and configurations, but are switched off and are only used They are listed in increasing order of The single Region/multi-AZ strategy safeguards your workloads against a disaster that disrupts an Amazon data center by replicating workloads across multiple AZs in the same Region. This 3-part blog series discusses disaster recovery (DR) strategies that you can implement to ensure your data is safe and that your workload stays available during a disaster. RPO is the maximum acceptable amount of time since the last data recovery point. Having backups and redundant workload components in place is the start of your DR For most examples in this blog post, we use a multi-Region approach to demonstrate DR strategies. Therefore, if youre designing a DR strategy to withstand events such as power outages, flooding, and other other localized disruptions, then using a Multi-AZ DR strategy within an AWS Region can provide the protection you need. Reliability and availability of such systems are important for a good customer experience. Figure 5. data store. Using CloudFormation parameters and conditional logic, you can create a single template that can create both active stacks (primary Region) or passive stacks (recovery Region). As Principal Reliability Solutions Architect with AWS Well-Architected, Seth helps guide AWS customers in how they architect and build resilient, scalable systems in the cloud. Amazon OpenSearch Service automatically deploys into three AZs when you select a multi-AZ deployment. This is an excellent choice for multi-site active/active because a table in any Region can be written to, and the data is propagated to all other Regions, usually within a second. Similarly, the DR Region in a pilot light strategy (unlike warm standby) cannot serve requests until additional steps are taken. fleet. test frequently. It lets you specify active or passive for the parameter ActiveOrPassive, which determines whether zero or non-zero EC2 instances will be deployed. Customer traffic is onboarded at the closest of over 200 edge locations and travels over the AWS network to the endpoints you configure. Instead of using Route 53 and DNS records, you can also use AWS Global Accelerator to implement failover. The following sections list the components of the example application presented in Figure 1, which illustrates a multi-AZ environment with a secondary Region that is strictly utilized for backups.

We highlight the benefits of performing DR failover using event-driven, serverless architecture, which provides high reliability, one of the pillars of AWS Well Architected Framework. What if the very tools that we rely on for failover are themselves impacted by a DR event? DR Region refers to an Such events include natural disasters like earthquakes or floods, technical failures such as power or network loss, and human actions [], Click here to return to Amazon Web Services homepage, Disaster Recovery (DR) Architecture on AWS, Part IV: Multi-site Active/Active, Disaster Recovery (DR) Architecture on AWS, Part III: Pilot Light and Warm Standby, Disaster Recovery (DR) Architecture on AWS, Part II: Backup and Restore with Rapid Recovery, Disaster Recovery (DR) Architecture on AWS, Part I: Strategies for Recovery in the Cloud. The probability of disruption and cost only requires you to scale up (everything is already deployed and running). It may be more, but is always less than the full production deployment for cost savings. For example, Disaster events pose a threat to your workload availability, but by using AWS Cloud services you can mitigate or remove these threats. The workload operates from a single site (in this case an AWS Region) and all requests are handled from this active Region. Amazon OpenSearch Service also distributes primary shards and their corresponding replica shards to different zones. AWS Config continuously monitors and records your AWS resource In the case of disaster events that wipe out or corrupt your data, these backups let you rewind to a last known good state. This helps them prepare for disaster events, which is one of the biggest challenges they can face. In part two, we introduce a multi-Region backup and restore approach. Automate recovery: Use AWS or For write requests, you can use several patterns that include writing to the local Region or re-routing writes to specific Regions. A pattern to avoid is developing recovery paths that are rarely Previously, I introduced you to four strategies for disaster recovery (DR) on AWS. check that AMIs and service quotas are up to date. complexity, and decreasing order of RTO and RPO. the primary fails, you might want to fail over to the secondary If an AZ or infrastructure fails, Amazon RDS performs an automatic failover to the standby. When you deploy the data nodes across three AZs with one replica enabled, shards are distributed across the three AZs. data store are incorrect. DR to ensure that RTO and RPO are met. In this example to choose between two options we use the !If function to set the DesiredCapacity value. Brent Kim is an Advisory Consultant within the AWS ProServe SDT Advisory group, and has been with AWS for 3 years. When one Region is subject to a disaster event, failover means that traffic for that Region is routed to the remaining active Region or Regions. Instead of creating individual Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instances, create worker nodes using an Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling group. Figure 2 shows an EC2 Auto Scaling group that is configured, but it has no deployed EC2 instances. In addition to replication, both strategies require you to create a continuous backup in the recovery Region. Figure 4. convince yourself that the recovery path works.

Data replication is useful for data synchronization and will Service API metrics such as error rates and response latencies are a good way to understand your workload health. Dhruv enjoys working with diverse stakeholders and adapts quickly to tackle new projects. With the multi-Region active/passive strategy, your workloads [], In my first blog post of this series, I introduced you to four strategies for disaster recovery (DR). Previously, I introduced you to four strategies for disaster recovery (DR) on AWS. The DR endpoint can handle requests, but cannot handle production levels of traffic. Then we explored the backup and restore strategy. Both strategies replicate data from the primary Region to data resources in the recovery Region, such as Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) DB instances or Amazon DynamoDB tables. Live data means the data stores and databases are up-to-date (or nearly up-to-date) with the active Region and ready to service read operations.

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