A contact who develops initial signs/symptoms other than rash should be isolated and closely watched for signs of rash for the next seven days. The objective of this Disease Outbreak News is to raise awareness, inform readiness and response efforts, and provide technical guidance for immediate recommended actions. So far the agency has confirmed 20 cases in the UK. Exposure investigation should cover the period between five and 21 days prior to symptom onset. In the current context, as soon as a suspected case is identified, contact identification and contact tracing should be initiated. With a number of countries in several WHO regions reporting cases of monkeypox, it is highly likely that other countries will identify cases. And Alibaba and Ant aren't the only tech firms under scrutiny by Chinese regulators. No deaths have been reported to date. Public health officials should work with travel operators and public health counterparts in other locations to assess potential risks and to contact passengers and others who may have had contact with an infectious patient while in transit. Monkeypox epidemiology, preparedness and response.

Signs/symptoms of concern include headache, fever, chills, sore throat, malaise, fatigue, rash, and lymphadenopathy. Contacts should be monitored at least daily for the onset of signs/symptoms for a period of 21 days from the last contact with a patient or their contaminated materials during the infectious period. A suspected or probable case for which laboratory testing by PCR and/or sequencing is negative for monkeypox virus. Direct monitoring is a variation of active monitoring that involves at least daily either physically visiting or visually examining via video for signs of illness. If no rash develops, the contact can return to temperature monitoring for the remainder of the 21 days. In addition to this new outbreak, WHO continues to receive updates on the status of ongoing reports of monkeypox cases through established surveillance mechanisms (Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response) for cases in endemic countries[1], as summarized in table 2.

It is important to collect epidemiological information from retrospective cases in addition to active ones. This includes avoiding close or physical contact with other. UKHSA also advises that they are offered a smallpox vaccine. Current available evidence suggests that those who are most at risk are those who have had close physical contact with someone with monkeypox, while they are symptomatic. Table 1.

Since 13 May 2022, cases of monkeypox have been reported to WHO from 12 Member States that are not endemic for monkeypox virus, across three WHO regions. Retrospective cases found by active search may no longer have the clinical symptoms of monkeypox (they have recovered from acute illness) but may exhibit scarring and other sequelae. 9IY 2021. von Magnus P, Andersen EA, Petersen KB, Birch-Andersen A. Many are now looking to Rotterdam, and its long history of innovation when it comes to holding water at bay. She advised anyone who is having changes in sex partners regularly, or having close contact with individuals that they dont know, to come forward if they develop a rash. Healthcare workers who have cared for or otherwise been in direct or indirect contact with monkeypox patients while adhering to recommended IPC measures may undergo self-monitoring or active monitoring as determined by local public health authorities. Cohort (confirmed with confirmed, suspected with suspected) can be implemented if single rooms are not available, ensuring minimum of 1-meter distance between patients.

Available information suggests that human-to-human transmission is occurring among people in close physical contact with cases who are symptomatic. Benin and South Sudan have documented importations in the past.

It comes as US president Joe Biden said that recent cases of monkeypox which have been identified in Europe and the United States are something to be concerned about. A Legal Showdown Over Section 8 Discrimination Is Brewing in Dallas Suburb, FDICs Message to Crypto Investors: Digital Assets Arent Insured, Troubled Crypto Lender Babel Lost Big While Trading Client Funds, Ex-Voyager Executive Explores Competing Restructuring Plan for Crypto Lender. Health workers should notify infection control, occupational health, and public health authorities to be guided about a medical evaluation. Options for monitoring by public health authorities are dependent on available resources. Any patient with suspected monkeypox should be investigated and if confirmed, isolated until their lesions have crusted, the scab has fallen off and a fresh layer of skin has formed underneath. WHO will be providing interim technical guidance in the coming days. Retrospective cases cannot be laboratory confirmed; however, serum from retrospective cases can be collected and tested for anti-orthopoxvirus antibodies to aid in their case classification. Identification of additional cases and further onward spread in the countries currently reporting cases and other Member States is likely.

Available at: https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2022-DON385. NYC Wants In-Person Dining Back. Contacts of monkeypox cases at high risk of having caught the infection should self-isolate for 21 days, latest government guidance says. Surveillance to date in non-endemic areas has been limited, but is now expanding. <> Cases should be reported immediately, according to the case definitions above or nationally tailored case definitions. <>/Metadata 309 0 R/ViewerPreferences 310 0 R>> Prioritizing isolation and source control strategies helps prevent transmission while balancing the impact of this infection on the daily lives of people diagnosed with monkeypox. More monkeypox cases being confirmed 'on a daily basis' in the UK. Do not share items that have been worn or handled with other people or animals.

Considerations related to contact tracing. Probable and confirmed cases should be reported immediately to WHO through IHR National Focal Points (NFPs) under the International Health Regulations (IHR 2005). During human monkeypox outbreaks, close physical contact with infected persons is the most significant risk factor for monkeypox virus infection.

Geographical distribution of confirmed and suspected cases of monkeypox in non-endemic between 13 to 21 May 2022, as at 13:00.

Vaccination for monkeypox, where available, is being deployed to manage close contacts, such as health workers.

Considerations related to clinical management and infection prevention and control in health care settings. Most people with monkeypox have been adults and have not required hospitalization. A systematic review. The identification of confirmed and suspected cases of monkeypox without any travel history to an endemic area in multiple countries is atypical, hence, there is an urgent need to raise awareness about monkeypox and undertake comprehensive case finding and isolation (provided with supportive care), contact tracing and supportive care to limit further onward transmission. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 16(2): e0010141. "I would say I am cautious but I am certainly not concerned about our ability to handle the situation. If the contact develops a rash, they need to be isolated and evaluated as a suspected case, and a specimen should be collected for laboratory analysis to test for monkeypox. ", Mr Clarke said he was not aware of reports of a baby being in intensive care with monkeypox, adding: "What I would say is we are cautious but we are certainly not in a position where I would in anyway worry the public that this is some repeat of Covid, because it certainly does not appear to be anywhere near the same platform of seriousness.". As of 21 May, 13:00, 92 laboratory confirmed cases, and 28 suspected cases of monkeypox with investigations ongoing, have been reported to WHO from 12 Member States that are not endemic for monkeypox virus, across three WHO regions (Table 1, Figure 1). Countries currently reporting cases of the West African clade are Cameroon and Nigeria. To date, all cases whose samples were confirmed by PCR have been identified as being infected with the West African clade. Its Going Nowhere. Countries may want to consider timely vaccination of close contacts as post-exposure prophylaxis or for certain groups of health care workers for pre-exposure vaccination. These considerations may change as we learn more from the 2022 global outbreak of monkeypox. One or more of the following signs or symptoms, since 15 March 2022: for which the following common causes of acute rash do not explain the clinical picture: varicella zoster, herpes zoster, measles, Zika, dengue, chikungunya, herpes simplex, bacterial skin infections, disseminated gonococcus infection, primary or secondary syphilis, chancroid, lymphogranuloma venereum, granuloma inguinale, molluscum contagiosum, allergic reaction (e.g., to plants); and any other locally relevant common causes of papular or vesicular rash. As of July 15, 2022, transmission during brief interactions (such as a brief conversation), between people in close proximity and for a long duration (such as passengers seated near a person with monkeypox on an airplane), or during healthcare encounters, has not been reported for any person with monkeypox. Extended training. There is a high likelihood of identification of further cases with unidentified chains of transmission, including in other population groups.

The name monkeypox originates from the initial discovery of the virus in monkeys in a Danish laboratory in 1958. Online training module.

Those who are considered at high risk of having caught monkeypox may have had household contact, sexual contact, or have changed an infected persons bedding without wearing appropriate PPE. Cross-protective immunity from smallpox vaccination will be limited to older persons, since populations worldwide under the age of 40 or 50 years no longer benefit from the protection afforded by prior smallpox vaccination programmes. Masks should fit closely on the face without any gaps along the edges or around the nose and be comfortable when worn properly over the nose and mouth. Genome sequence from a swab sample from a confirmed case in Portugal, indicated a close match of the monkeypox virus causing the current outbreak, to exported cases from Nigeria to the United Kingdom, Israel and Singapore in 2018 and 2019. "That being the case, the risk of community transmission is much lower, we have a working vaccine, if people present with symptoms or have very close contact, then we are advising that they quarantine for three weeks but the threshold for that is quite high - it really does have to be close physical or sexual contact. As of July 15, 2022, no deaths have been reported due to monkeypox in the United States or Europe. Should aerosol generating procedures (AGPs) (i.e. As it is spread through close physical contact, it can affect anyone. 1BCjBb&u,8\K2$GL'"SFFt,?B].w`VSz{R99J,]H ]+SSWx2u;dM@(KFm{v_l7xoxE+3V5^`{qb}. Disease Outbreak News; Multi-country monkeypox outbreak in non-endemic countries. has an epidemiological link (face-to-face exposure, including health workers without eye and respiratory protection); direct physical contact with skin or skin lesions, including sexual contact; or contact with contaminated materials such as clothing, bedding or utensils to a probable or confirmed case of monkeypox in the 21 days before symptom onset, reported travel history to a monkeypox endemic country, has had multiple or anonymous sexual partners in the 21 days before symptom onset, face-to-face exposure (including health care workers without appropriate PPE), direct physical contact, including sexual contact, contact with contaminated materials such as clothing or bedding. m ^|rUX\FA~Fe W?-Xr-C6IkDe rFZX4-4tJ PE.vgX! E9P_N/VS*>8KmJ(@ob 'Vl79lo\ctT`g l@.R@_p'--M`Iw4 ^:GLhN6`bZy'RR>/}mHi$ _jtnZ9.R? A global case reporting form is under development. Case reports should include at a minimum the following information: date of report; reporting location; name, age, sex and residence of the case; date of onset of first symptoms; recent travel history; recent exposure to a probable or confirmed case; relationship and nature of contact with probable or confirmed cases (where relevant); recent history of multiple or anonymous sexual partners; smallpox vaccination status; presence of rash; presence of other clinical signs or symptoms as per case definition; date of confirmation (where done); method of confirmation (where done); genomic characterization (if available); other relevant clinical or laboratory findings, particularly to exclude common causes of rash as per the case definition; whether hospitalized; date of hospitalization (where done); and outcome at time of reporting.

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